Those voltage and current ratings are there for a reason. You may get away with a lower voltage or current adapter without permanent damage but using a higher voltage adapter is playing Russian Roulette. Even using an adapter from a different device - even with similar ratings, may be risky because there is no real standard. A 12 V adapter from one manufacturer may put out 12 V at all times whereas one from another manufacturer may put out 20 V or more when unloaded. A variety of types of protection are often incorporated into adapter powered equipment. Sometimes these actually will save the day.
Unfortunately, designers cannot anticipate all the creative techniques people use to prove they really do not have a clue of what they are doing. The worst seems to be where an attempt is made to operate portable devices off of an automotive electrical system. Fireworks are often the result, see below and the section on: "Automotive power". If you tried an incorrect adapter and the device now does not work there are several possibilities (assuming the adapter survived and this is not the problem):
1. An internal fuse or IC protector blew. This would be the easiest to repair.
2. A protection diode sacrificed itself. This is usually reverse biased across the input and is supposed to short out the adapter if the polarity is reversed. However, it may have failed shorted particularly if you used a high current adapter (or automotive power).
3. Some really expensive hard to obtain parts blew up. Unfortunately, this outcome is all too common.
Dell LCD R0423 AC Adapter(Dell LCD R0423 AC Adapter )
Apple A1021 AC Adapter(A1021 AC Adapter )
Compaq 338136-001 AC Adapter(DC18.5V 3.5A )
Dell XD802 AC Adapter(DC19.5V 3.34A )
HP Pavilion DV6700 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Acer Aspire 5570-2947 AC Adapter(AC100-240V 50-60Hz)
Gateway PA-1650-01 AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
IBM Lenovo ThinkPad R60 AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Compaq 402018-001 AC Adapter(DC18.5V 3.5A )
Gateway API3AD03 AC Adapter(DC19V 3.42A )
HP 324816-002 AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
HP 384019-002 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Dell PA-12 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Dell Latitude D620 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Toshiba PA3467U-1ACA AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Dell AD-4214N LCD AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Dell NADP-90KB AC Adapter(DC19.5V 4.62A )
Acer AL1714 LCD adapter(AC100-240V)
Universal 70W AC Adapter with 9 tips(AC100-240V)
Universal 90W AC Adapter 9 Tips(AC100-240V)
Liteon PA-1900-05 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Toshiba PA3165U-1ACA AC Adapter 90W(AC100-240V )
Dell PA-1900-05D AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Dell PA-9 AC Adapter(DC20V 4.5A)
Dell Inspiron 1200 AC Adapter(DC19V 3.16A )
Dell Latitude 120L AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Dell LCD PA-9 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Dell CF719 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Dell TD230 AC Adapter(DC19V 3.16A )
Dell Inspiron B120 AC Adapter((worldwide use) )
Dell 310-6499 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Toshiba K000040330 Adapter(100-240V, 50-60Hz )
Acer PA-1151-03 AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Toshiba PA3290U-2ACA AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Acer AL1714 LCD AC adapter(AC100-240V )
Compaq 239704-001 AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Acer Aspire 5720Z AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
70W universal ac adapter(one adapter all power solution)
90W universal ac adapter(one adapter all power solution )
120W universal ac adapter(one adapter all power solution )
usadapter(high quality)
HP Pavilion DV8000 AC Adapter 90W(AC100-240V)
90W Universal AC Adapter(AC90W )
Gateway SADP-65KB B AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Delta SADP-65KB AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Toshiba Satellite X205-S9349 AC adapter(AC100-240V )
Acer PA-1161-06 AC Adapter 150W(AC100-240V)
Dell UltraSharp 2001FP AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Apple ACG4 AC Adapter(AC100-240V )
Dell Inspiron 2200 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Compaq DC359A AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
HP Compaq NX9010 AC Adapter(AC100-240V (worldwide use) )
HP Compaq Business Notebook nx6310 AC Adapter(AC100-240V)
Asus G1S AC Adapter 19V 3.42A(AC100-240V (worldwide use) )